A STRUCTURAL AMBIGUITY ANALYSIS IN SENTENCES FOUND IN THE SKELETON KEY NOVEL

As social beings, humans need other individual to survive. In social life, humans interact and communicate with each other using languages which use to ask for help or exchange information. Often in verbal or non-verbal communication, someone provides information that has two or more different meaning thus confusing the interlocutors, this condition of information called ambiguous. This study entitled “A Structural Ambiguity Analysis In Sentences Found in The Skeleton Key Novel” is aimed to identify one of the types of surface ambiguity in the structural ambiguity in sentences found in The Skeleton Key novel, and to analyze pattern of structural ambiguity in sentences that were found in The Skeleton Key novel by tree diagrams. The data of this study were analyzed by using the qualitative method. From 12 data that were found in the data source, one of the data were analyzed as the sample of this study. From six types of surface ambiguity propose by Kriedler (1998) only one of the types was analyzed for this research. It was a coordinate head with one modifier. In this research, the researcher found that the structure of sentence structure will affect the meaning of the sentence itself. Thus, the analysis of sentence structure using tree diagram will produce different meaning according to intended construction in tree diagram. ”


INTRODUCTION
In public activity, humans connect what's more, converse with one another utilizing language which is used to request help or trade data. In passing on data all together for the data could be perceived by the beneficiary, the sentences ought to have a reasonable significance and not confounding. Often in verbal or non-verbal correspondence, somebody gives data that has two or on the other hand more extraordinary significance hence confounding the questioners, this state of data is ambiguous. As indicated by Hurford and Hasley (2004:121), "ambiguity is a condition of a word, expression, or sentence that is uncertain when it has more than one sense".
Ambiguous implications in sentences are frequently filled with workmanship, which is called writing, one kind of artistic work that reflects everyday life is a novel. As indicated by Wellek and Werren (1956), writing is a social organization utilizing its medium language as social creation. Novel is one sort of artistic work that reflects day by day life which comprises subject, characters, plot, and setting. In the novel there are a huge number that portray a circumstance in detail to give the peruser an image, in this way the peruser could envision the circumstance written in the novel. One of the top-rated Novels in 2012 is The Skeleton Key novel. As per Book Publishing (2012), The Skeleton Key is the third arrangement of A Pandora English Novel by Tara Moss with the dream fiction classification. This novel was truly fascinating to be examined on the grounds that it has a startling plot and the creator's method of depicting a special circumstance with questionable phrasing is fitting for additional examination.
In this study, the researcher analyzed one of the type structures of ambiguity, a coordinate head with one modifier in sentences using tree diagrams found in the third series of A Pandora English Novel: The Skeleton Key by Tara Moss as the data source because there are so many structurally ambiguous meanings in sentences that are written in this novel. In this novel, the author often uses the sentences that have two or more meaning when describe the situation that makes the reader think twice to imagine the situation and the analysis of structural ambiguity using tree diagrams was chosen as the topic of this study because there are so many sentences that structurally ambiguous in this novel and the researcher aimed to proofing the different of structure could change the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, the reader could get the meaning from two or more different perspectives. This study as a proof that Semantic related and influenced by syntactic approaches because this study was analyzed the structural ambiguity using tree diagram structure using Kriedler (1998) and Yule (2006) as the theories.

METHODS
The data of this research was taken from the dialogue in the A Pandora English Novel: The Skeleton Key by Tara Moss and released in 2012. This research used observation non-participatory methods to collect the data. First, the researchers found the data by reading the novel to analyze the data. Second, the researcher used the notes-taking technique to keep the structural ambiguity sentences that were analyzed. Third the researchers classified the constituent structure of the ambiguous meaning in sentences and analyzed the sentence that ambiguous structurally. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method to explain it based on the theory by Kriedler (1998).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the researcher will present the analysis of research from data sources that researchers have gathered. Researchers will analyze structural ambiguity in a sentence found in A Pandora English Novel: The Skeleton Key.

Data 1
"The terrible face was deeply wrinkled and withered." The sentence above implies structural ambiguity. Because there was a coordinate head between 'wrinkled' and 'withered'. Modified with one modifier of adverb 'deeply' that make the sentence became ambiguous. The interpretation of the sentence above could be explained using tree diagrams below:  The ambiguity of the sentence above that has been explained by two different tree diagrams and those tree diagrams show that the ambiguity occurs in constituent Adj.P which is the daughter of constituent up at the right side. The first tree diagram explain that the constituent Adj.P is divided into two constituent there are Adv.P 'deeply' and Adj.P 'wrinkled' and 'withered'. Thus, constituent Adv.P 'deeply' is modified both adjective 'wrinkled' and 'withered'. Therefore, the sentence could be interpreted that the terrible face was deeply wrinkled and deeply whitered.
However the second tree diagram explain that the constituent Adj.P has two daughter, there are Adj.P 'deeply wrinkled' and Adj.P 'withered'. Its means that only Adj 'wrinkled' modified by Adv 'deeply'. Therefore, the sentence could be interpreted the face withered and deeply wrinkled.
The sentence above implies structural ambiguity, because there was a coordinate head between 'butterflies' and 'moths', modified with one modifier of PP 'in gleaming glass domes' that make the sentence becomes ambiguous. The interpretation of the sentence above could be explained using tree diagrams below:  The ambiguity of the sentence above that has been explained by two different tree diagrams and those tree diagrams show that the ambiguity occurs in constituent NP which is the daughter of constituent VP at the right side. The first tree diagram explain that the constituent NP has one derivative of NP itself 'butterflies and moths' and one daughter constituent PP 'in gleaming glass domes', thus constituent NP 'butterflies and moths' belongs to constituent PP 'in gleaming glass domes'. Therefore the sentence could be interpreted both of butterflies and moths in the gleaming glass domes.
However the second tree diagram explains that the constituent NP has two daughters there are N 'butterflies' coordinated by conjunction 'and' with constituent NP 'moths in gleaming glass domes'. It means that only N 'moths' belongs to constituent PP 'in gleaming glass domes'. Therefore the sentence could be interpreted that there are butterflies and the only moths in the gleaming glass domes.

Data 3
"Men and women in trendy clothes and slick suits pushed past me in both directions." (Pages 11) The sentence above implies structural ambiguity, because there were two head coordinated by conjunction in a sentence, modified by one modifier. The first conjunction between head 'Men' and 'Women' modified by 'in trendy clothes and slick suit' ,and the second conjunction between head 'clothes' and 'slick suit' modified one modifier 'trendy' that make the sentence has four different meaning. The interpretation of the sentence above could be explained using tree diagrams below: The ambiguity of the sentence above has explained by the tree diagram and those tree diagram show that the ambiguity occur in constituent NP the daughter of S at the left side. The first tree diagram explain that the constituent NP divided into two constituent there are NP 'men and women' consist of N 'men' and N 'women', and constituent PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits' its mean that both N in NP 'men and women' modified by PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits'. Same with PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits', constituent PP divided into two constituent there are PP 'in' and NP trendy clothes and slick suits' that both NP 'clothes' and 'slick suit' modified by one modifier Adjective 'trendy'. Therefore, the sentence will mean both man and women used trendy clothes and trendy slick suits.
The second tree diagram explain that the constituent NP has two constituents there are NP 'men and women' consist of N 'men' and N 'women', and constituent PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits' same as first tree diagram. However, the different between first diagram and second tree diagram occur in constituent PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits', the adjective 'trendy' only modified one head N 'clothes' and NP 'slick suits' unmodified by the adjective 'trendy'. Therefore, the sentence will mean that both men and women used slick suits, and trendy clothes.
The third tree diagram explain that the constituent NP has two constituents there are N 'men' and NP 'women in trendy clothes and slick suits', the constituent PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits' as daughter of NP which only modifying N 'women'. And the NP 'trendy clothes', the adjective 'trendy' only modifies N 'clothes' and NP 'slick suits' unmodified by adjective 'trendy'. Therefore, the sentence means that the only women which used slick suits, and trendy clothes.
The fourth tree diagram explain that the constituent NP has two constituents there are N 'men' and NP 'women in trendy clothes and slick suits' same as the third tree diagram. However the different between the third tree diagram and fourth tree diagram occur in constituent PP 'in trendy clothes and slick suits', the adjective 'trendy' modified both head N 'clothes' and NP 'slick suits' Therefore the sentence means that the only women which used trendy clothes, and trendy slick suits.

CONCLUSION
According to the analysis in the previous parts, the researcher found some points that can be presented as a conclusion. From 12 data that found in A Pandora English Novel: The Skeleton key, one of the data was analyzed as the sample of this research. From six types of surface ambiguity propose by Kriedler (1998) only one types was analyzed for this research, it was a coordinate head with one modifier. In this research, the